MikeDunnAuthor<p>If you enjoy Labor Day, you could thank a union, like the memes suggest. But it would be historically more accurate to thank radical working-class activists and here is why. President Grover Cleveland initiated the holiday as a bone to calm the labor movement, irate over the 100 workers slaughtered in the Pullman strike of 1894. However, that strike started as a wildcat strike because the workers in Pullman, Illinois, had not yet formed a union. And when they did unionize, they affiliated with the militant American Railroad Union, led by Eugene Debs, socialist and later cofounder of the radical IWW, which struck despite a federal injunction prohibiting them from doing so (a risk that unions today refuse to take—remember the recent railroad strike?). The ARU’s militancy, solidarity and refusal to back down to federal violence led to attacks by the army, dozens of deaths, and the imprisonment of ARU leader Debs. And here is one more thing to consider: Pres. Cleveland’s commitment to the holiday had much less to do with his fear of or respect for labor, and much more to do with his desire to take the wind out of the sails of the then much more popular and radical May 1st, International Workers Day, which is currently celebrated in virtually every country in the world, except the U.S. That holiday commemorates the Haymarket anarchists who were falsely convicted and executed for their efforts fighting for the 8-hour work day and an end to child labor. </p><p>You can read more about both the Pullman Strike and the Haymarket Affair in my articles on the Pinkertons and Lucy Parsons:</p><p><a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/04/04/union-busting-by-the-pinkertons/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/04/</span><span class="invisible">04/union-busting-by-the-pinkertons/</span></a><br><a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/24/lucy-parsons/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/</span><span class="invisible">24/lucy-parsons/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/laborday" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>laborday</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>LaborHistory</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>workingclass</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>strike</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>union</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/eighthourday" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>eighthourday</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/childlabor" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>childlabor</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/haymarket" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>haymarket</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>anarchism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/chicago" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>chicago</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>police</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IWW" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>IWW</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mayday" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>mayday</span></a></p>