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Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> Virus <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Resistance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Resistance</a> to <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Baloxavir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Baloxavir</a>, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Oseltamivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Oseltamivir</a> and Sialic Acid Mimetics in Single and Dual <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/therapies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#therapies</a>: Insights from Human Airway Epithelia and Murine Models, <a href="https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/05/influenza-h1n1pdm09-virus-resistance-to.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/05/influenza-h1n1pdm09-virus-resistance-to.html</a>

Giuseppe MichieliCirculation and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Spillover" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Spillover</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> A Virus at an Educational <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Swine" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Swine</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Farm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Farm</a> in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Chile" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Chile</a>, 2019–2023, <a href="https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/circulation-and-spillover-of-h1n1pdm09.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/circulation-and-spillover-of-h1n1pdm09.html</a>

Giuseppe MichieliEmergence of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> 6B.1 A.5a.2a and 6B.1 A.5a.2a.1 Subclades Leading to Subtyping <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Failure" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Failure</a> in a Commercial Molecular <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Assay" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Assay</a>, <a href="https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/emergence-of-influenza-h1n1pdm09-6b1.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/emergence-of-influenza-h1n1pdm09-6b1.html</a>

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> Virus with Reduced Susceptibility to <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Baloxavir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Baloxavir</a>, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Japan" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Japan</a>, 2024, <a href="https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/influenza-h1n1pdm09-virus-with-reduced.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/influenza-h1n1pdm09-virus-with-reduced.html</a>

Giuseppe MichieliEffect of Prior <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> Virus <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Infection" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Infection</a> on <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Pathogenesis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Pathogenesis</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Transmission" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Transmission</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Human" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Human</a> Influenza A(<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H5N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H5N1</a>) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Ferret" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Ferret</a> Model, <a href="https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/02/effect-of-prior-influenza-h1n1pdm09.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/02/effect-of-prior-influenza-h1n1pdm09.html</a>

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> A(<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H5N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H5N1</a>) Immune <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Response" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Response</a> among <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Ferrets" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Ferrets</a> with Influenza <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Immunity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Immunity</a>, <a href="https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/02/influenza-ah5n1-immune-response-among.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/02/influenza-ah5n1-immune-response-among.html</a>

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/USA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#USA</a>, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Flu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Flu</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Antiviral" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Antiviral</a> Drugs <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Resistance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Resistance</a>: Two A <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> viruses had NA-H275Y amino acid substitution conferring highly reduced <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/inhibition" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#inhibition</a> by <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/oseltamivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#oseltamivir</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/peramivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#peramivir</a>. One A <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> virus had NA-I223V and NA-S247N amino acid substitutions and showed reduced inhibition by <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/oseltamivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#oseltamivir</a>. FluView: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-05.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-05.html</a>

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/China" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#China</a>, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> detections increased in southern & northern provinces. <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> was predominated. There were 171 ILI outbreaks reported in week 52. CNIC: <a href="https://ivdc.chinacdc.cn/cnic/en/Surveillance/WeeklyReport/202501/t20250102_303648.htm" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://ivdc.chinacdc.cn/cnic/en/Surveillance/WeeklyReport/202501/t20250102_303648.htm</a> 97.0% of influenza H1N1pdm09 viruses were characterized as A/Victoria/4897/2022-like.

Giuseppe MichieliRespiratory Virus-Specific and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Time" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Time</a>-Dependent <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Interference" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Interference</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Adenovirus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Adenovirus</a> Type 2, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/SARS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SARS</a>-CoV-2 and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> Virus <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> During Viral Dual Co-Infection and Superinfection In Vitro, <a href="https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2024/12/respiratory-virus-specific-and-time.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2024/12/respiratory-virus-specific-and-time.html</a>

Giuseppe MichieliFrom North to South: <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Transmission" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Transmission</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Dynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Dynamics</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> Swine <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> A Viruses in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Italy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Italy</a>, <a href="https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2024/12/from-north-to-south-transmission.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2024/12/from-north-to-south-transmission.html</a>

ETIDIoHStructural basis of broad #protection against <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> virus by a <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/human-2/" target="_blank">#human</a> #antibody targeting the #neuraminidase active site via a recurring motif in CDR H3Source: BioRxIV, <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625467v1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625467v1</a> Abstract Influenza viruses evolve rapidly, driving seasonal epidemics and posing global pandemic threats. While neuraminidase (NA) has emerged as a vaccine target, shared molecular features of NA antibody responses are still not well understood. Here, we describe cryo-electron microscopy structures of the broadly protective human antibody DA03E17, which was previously identified from an H1N1-infected donor, in complex with NA from A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B/Victoria-lineage viruses. DA03E17 targets the highly conserved NA active site using its long CDR H3, which features a DR (Asp-Arg) motif that engages catalytic residues and mimics sialic acid interactions. We further demonstrate that this motif is conserved among several NA active site-targeting antibodies, indicating a common receptor mimicry strategy. We also identified potential antibody precursors containing this DR motif in all donors of a healthy human donor BCR database, highlighting the prevalence of this motif and its potential as vaccine targeting. Our findings reveal shared molecular features in NA active site-targeting antibodies, offering insights for NA-based universal influenza vaccine design.____<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah3n2-2/" target="_blank">#aH3n2</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/biology-2/" target="_blank">#biology</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h1n1pdm09/" target="_blank">#h1n1pdm09</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/immunology-2/" target="_blank">#immunology</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-a/" target="_blank">#influenzaA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/monoclonal-antibodies/" target="_blank">#monoclonalAntibodies</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/vaccine/" target="_blank">#vaccine</a>

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Vietnam" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Vietnam</a>, Binh Dinh urgently reacts after recording 4 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/deaths" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#deaths</a> due to <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#influenza</a> A <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a>Source: TuoiTre, {Excerpt, original text in Vietnamese} On November 25, Mr. Nguyen Van Trung - Deputy Director of the Department of Health of Binh Dinh province - said that the province had 9 cases of A/H1pdm flu, of which 4 died. According to Mr. Trung, the latest recorded data as of November 20, of the 22 cases put under surveillance…<a href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/27/vietnam-binh-dinh-urgently-reacts-after-recording-4-deaths-due-to-influenza-a-h1n1pdm09/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/27/vietnam-binh-dinh-urgently-reacts-after-recording-4-deaths-due-to-influenza-a-h1n1pdm09/</a>

ETIDIoHSource: BioRxIV, <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621830v1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621830v1</a> Abstract Airborne transmission is an essential mode of infection and spread of influenza viruses among humans. However, most studies use liquid inoculum for virus infection. To better replicate natural airborne infections in vitro, we generated a calm-aerosol settling chamber system designed to examine the aerosol infectivity of influenza viruses in different cell types. Aerosol inoculation was characterized for multiple influenza A virus (FLUAV) subtypes, including a pandemic 2009 H1N1, a seasonal swine H3N2, and an avian H9N2 using this exposure system. While each FLUAV strain displayed high infectivity within MDCK cells via liquid inoculation, differences in infectivity were observed during airborne inoculation. This was further observed in recently developed immortalized differentiated human airway epithelial cells (BCi-NS1.1) cultured in an air-liquid interface. The airborne infectious dose 50 for each virus was based on the exposure dose per well. Our findings indicate that this system has the potential to enhance our understanding of the factors influencing influenza transmission via the airborne route. This could be invaluable for conducting risk assessments, potentially reducing the reliance on extensive and costly in vivo animal studies.____<a href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/06/air-liquid-interface-model-for-influenza-aerosol-exposure-in-vitro/" class="" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/06/air-liquid-interface-model-for-influenza-aerosol-exposure-in-vitro/</a><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah3n2-2/" target="_blank">#aH3n2</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah9n2-2/" target="_blank">#aH9n2</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-flu/" target="_blank">#avianFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h1n1pdm09/" target="_blank">#h1n1pdm09</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-2/" target="_blank">#influenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/influenza-a/" target="_blank">#influenzaA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/pathogens-airborne-transmission/" target="_blank">#pathogensAirborneTransmission</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a>

ETIDIoHSource: BioRxIV, <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619695v1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619695v1</a> Abstract The most recent outbreak of highly pathogenic avian H5 influenza (HPAI) virus in cattle is now widespread across the U.S. with spillover events happening to other mammals, including humans. Several human cases have been reported with clinical signs ranging from conjunctivitis to respiratory illness. However, most of those infected report mild to moderate symptoms, while previously reported HPAI H5Nx infections in humans have had mortality rates upwards of 50%. We recently reported that mice with pre-existing immunity to A/Puerto Rico/08/1934 H1N1 virus were protected from lethal challenge from highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 influenza virus. Here, we demonstrate that mice infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus strain A/California/04/2009 (Cal09) or vaccinated with a live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) were moderately-to-highly protected against a lethal A/bovine/Ohio/2024 H5N1 virus challenge. We also observed that ferrets with mixed pre-existing immunity, either from LAIV vaccination and/or from Cal09 infection, showed protection against a HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus isolated from a cat. Notably, this protection occurred independently of any detectable hemagglutination inhibition titers (HAIs) against the H5N1 virus. To explore factors that may contribute to protection, we conducted detailed T cell epitope mapping using previously published sequences from H1N1 strains. This analysis revealed a high conservation of amino acid sequences within the internal proteins of our bovine HPAI H5N1 virus strain. These data highlight the necessity to explore additional factors that contribute to protection against HPAI H5N1 viruses, such as memory T cell responses, in addition to HA-inhibition or neutralizing antibodies.____<a href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/10/24/immune-history-modifies-disease-severity-to-hpai-h5n1-clade-2-3-4-4b-viral-challenge/" class="" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/10/24/immune-history-modifies-disease-severity-to-hpai-h5n1-clade-2-3-4-4b-viral-challenge/</a><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah1n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH1n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ah5n1-2/" target="_blank">#aH5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/abstract/" target="_blank">#abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/animal-models/" target="_blank">#animalModels</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza-2/" target="_blank">#avianInfluenza</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/avian-influenza/" target="_blank">#AVIANINFLUENZA</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/bird-flu/" target="_blank">#birdFlu</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/ferrets/" target="_blank">#ferrets</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h1n1pdm09/" target="_blank">#h1n1pdm09</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/h5n1/" target="_blank">#h5n1</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/health/" target="_blank">#health</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/immune-system/" target="_blank">#immuneSystem</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/tag/research-2/" target="_blank">#research</a>

Giuseppe MichieliWhole-Genome <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Analysis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Analysis</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> Viruses Isolated from ILI <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Outpatients" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Outpatients</a> in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Myanmar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Myanmar</a> & CA <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Oseltamivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Oseltamivir</a>-Resistant Strains Present from 2015 to 2019 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39205274/?utm_source=Feedly&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=10ykRO9og5pGdo51l9DEPEpOJ3DVFIn__QK2QPM3dci1C1dEYq&fc=None&ff=20240831103754&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39205274/?utm_source=Feedly&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=10ykRO9og5pGdo51l9DEPEpOJ3DVFIn__QK2QPM3dci1C1dEYq&fc=None&ff=20240831103754&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414</a> 3 viruses possessed the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H275Y" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H275Y</a> substitution in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/neuraminidase" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#neuraminidase</a> protein, appearing to be community-acquired without prior administration of neuraminidase inhibitors. These viruses exhibited highly reduced susceptibility to <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/oseltamivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#oseltamivir</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/peramivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#peramivir</a>.

Giuseppe MichieliWhole- <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Genome" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Genome</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Analysis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Analysis</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> Viruses Isolated from <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/ILI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#ILI</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Outpatients" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Outpatients</a> in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Myanmar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Myanmar</a> & Community-Acquired <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Oseltamivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Oseltamivir</a> - <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Resistant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Resistant</a> Strains Present from 2015 to 2019 <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/8/1300" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/8/1300</a> 1 virus intra-subtype reassortment, collected in the '15 season. 3 viruses possessed <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H275Y" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H275Y</a> substitution in NA protein, appearing to be CA without prior administration of neuraminidase <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/inhibitors" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#inhibitors</a>. These viruses exhibited highly reduced susceptibility to <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/oseltamivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#oseltamivir</a> & <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/peramivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#peramivir</a>.

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Genomic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Genomic</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Evolution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Evolution</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> During the 2023-2024 Season, the Johns Hopkins Health System, J Clin Virol.: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653224000805?dgcid=rss_sd_all" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653224000805?dgcid=rss_sd_all</a> Highlights: 2023/24 respiratory viral season was predominated by influenza A <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> with co-circulation of flu <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H3N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H3N2</a> & flu B <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Victoria" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Victoria</a> lineage. No significant differences were observed in admission rates or use of supplemental <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/oxygen" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#oxygen</a> between different subtypes or clades. Amino acid substitutions that might impact NAIs activity were rarely identified.

Giuseppe MichieliIncrease of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Synergistic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Synergistic</a> Secondary <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Antiviral" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Antiviral</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Mutations</a> in the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Evolution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Evolution</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> Virus <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Neuraminidases" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Neuraminidases</a>, Vaccines: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/7/1109" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/7/1109</a> The data indicate a slight increase in viral NA bearing two additional potentially synergistic substitutions, NA-I223V and NA-S247N, in the 2023–2024 season, which both result in a slight reduction in susceptibility to NA inhibitors.

Giuseppe MichieliOccurrence of Circulating <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Antibodies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Antibodies</a> vs <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Hemagglutinins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Hemagglutinins</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> Viruses in the 2022/23 Epidemic Season in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Poland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Poland</a>, Viruses: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/7/1105" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/7/1105</a> Test results have confirmed presence of anti-HA antibodies for <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/antigens" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#antigens</a> A/Victoria/2570/2019 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a>, A/Darwin/9/2021 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H3N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H3N2</a>, B/Austria/1359417/2021 (B/Yamagata lineage) & B/ Phuket/3073/2013 (B/Victoria lineage) present in influenza <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/vaccine" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#vaccine</a> recommended by WHO for 2022/23 epidemic season.

Giuseppe MichieliComprehensive <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Molecular" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Molecular</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Epidemiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Epidemiology</a> of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Influenza</a> Viruses in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Brazil" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Brazil</a>: Insights from a Nationwide Analysis, BioRxIV, <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.04.602044v1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.04.602044v1</a> For <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a>, 2022 consensus of 5a.2a.1 & <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/vaccine" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#vaccine</a> strain A/Victoria/2570/2019 had 14 amino acid <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/substitutions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#substitutions</a>. Key residues such as H180, D187, K219, R223, E224, & T133 are involved in hydrogen interactions with <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/sialic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sialic</a> acids, while N130, K142, and D222 may influence distance interactions based on docking analyses.

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