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#internment

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From #Wikipedia: Internment of Japanese Americans

"During World War II, the United States forcibly relocated and incarcerated about 120,000 people of Japanese descent in ten concentration camps operated by the War Relocation Authority (#WRA), mostly in the western interior of the country. About two-thirds were U.S. citizens.

"These actions were initiated by Executive Order 9066, issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, following the outbreak of war with the Empire of Japan in December 1941. About 127,000 Japanese Americans then lived in the continental U.S., of which about 112,000 lived on the West Coast. About 80,000 were Nisei ('second generation'; American-born Japanese with #USCitizenship) and Sansei ('third generation', the children of Nisei). The rest were Issei ('first generation') immigrants born in Japan, who were ineligible for citizenship. In Hawaii, where more than 150,000 Japanese Americans comprised more than one-third of the territory's population, only 1,200 to 1,800 were incarcerated.

"#Internment was intended to mitigate a security risk which Japanese Americans were believed to pose. The scale of the incarceration in proportion to the size of the Japanese American population far surpassed similar measures undertaken against German and Italian Americans who numbered in the millions and of whom some thousands were interned, most of these non-citizens. Following the executive order, the entire West Coast was designated a military exclusion area, and all Japanese Americans living there were taken to assembly centers before being sent to concentration camps in California, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, and Arkansas. Similar actions were taken against individuals of Japanese descent in Canada. Internees were prohibited from taking more than they could carry into the camps, and many were forced to sell some or all of their property, including their homes and businesses. At the camps, which were surrounded by barbed wire fences and patrolled by armed guards, internees often lived in overcrowded barracks with minimal furnishing."

[...]

Prior use of internment camps in the United States

"The United States Government had previously employed civilian internment policies in a variety of circumstances. During the 1830s, civilians of the indigenous #CherokeeNation were evicted from their homes and detained in 'emigration depots' in Alabama and Tennessee prior to the deportation to Oklahoma following the passage of the #IndianRemovalAct in 1830. Similar internment policies were carried out by U.S. territorial authorities against the #Dakota and #Navajo peoples during the American Indian Wars in the 1860s.

"In 1901, during the Philippine–American War, General J. Franklin Bell ordered the detainment of #Filipino civilians in the provinces of Batangas and Laguna into U.S. Army-run #ConcentrationCamps in order to prevent them from collaborating with #Filipino General Miguel Malvar's guerrillas; over 11,000 people died in the camps from malnutrition and disease."

Read more:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internme
#ICEDetention #IllegalDeportations #SecretPolice #HumanRightsViolations #ConstitutionalRights #HumanRights #SCOTUSIsCompromised #SCOTUSIsCorrupt #USPol #ForcedDisappearances #MemoryHoled #1798AlienEnemiesAct #PrivatePrisons

en.wikipedia.orgInternment of Japanese Americans - Wikipedia

7.3: They Sent Us to Camp: My Family's Experience of Internment During WWII

If you meet a Japanese American, it’s also a pretty good bet, they probably won’t spontaneously start talking about what they or their family went through, how they feel about it, and how they or their family recovered from the ordeal.

I (Christina) wanted to rectify that by sitting down with my old friend Chie Furuya, whose parents (as tiny children), grandparents, and other family members were “sent to camp”, to ask her about it. The answers and stories she had for me were both fascinating and unexpectedly heartening. Her people are a resilient, cheerful people and I feel like there are life lessons for all of us here, in terms of withstanding and recovering from severe injustice (and coming out on top).

Ariel’s addition to this episode description is to point out that Japanese internment occurred in Canada in the early 20th century as well. We (by which she means Canada, or perhaps so-called Canada, as she likes to call it) aren't some bastion of anti-racism and tolerant plurality (if we ever were). Check out our blog post for links for further edification if you are interested or want to know more about the Canadian side of the story.

youtu.be/nI3FJIJNkak

Continued thread

…“Desperate families coming to our border to seek refuge do not constitute an invasion by a foreign government within the meaning of the #law,” said Lee Gelernt, a leading attorney w/ the #ACLU, which has put up legal challenges to many of #Trump's previous moves.

#Democratic lawmakers in the US #House & #Senate reintroduced a bill in Jan that would repeal the #AlienEnemiesAct, pointing to its use in the #internment of Americans & arguing it violates individual & #CivilRights.

Goddamnit I hate the fact that #CNN has erected all these "pay walls". Fortunately there are some workarounds.

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/here-is-a-headline-on-cnn-a-17-knRg8x9ARYqT3cBE5Xwqsw

The CNN headline is referring to the
#AlienEnemiesAct of 1798. This #law is part of a set of four laws collectively known as the #AlienAndSeditionActs, enacted during #JohnAdams' presidency[1][2].

The Alien Enemies Act grants the
#president the #authority to #detain, #deport, or #remove non-citizens from nations deemed hostile to the #UnitedStates during wartime[2]. Specifically, it allows for the apprehension, restraint, and removal of male citizens (age 14 and older) of a hostile nation[2].

Key points about the Alien Enemies Act:

1. Historical context: It was passed in 1798 amid rising tensions with France[1][3].

2. Current status: Unlike the other three acts in the set, the Alien Enemies Act remains in effect today, though in a modified form[1][2].

3. Past usage: It has been invoked three times in U.S. history, all during major military conflicts:
- War of 1812
- World War I
- World War II[2]

4. World War II application: President
#Franklin D. #Roosevelt used this act after the #PearlHarbor #attack to label #Japanese, #German, and #Italian nationals as "alien enemies"[2]. This contributed to the #internment of #JapaneseAmericans during the war[4].

5. Recent controversy: Former President
#DonaldTrump has stated that if re-elected, he would #invoke this #act to expedite the #removal of #undocumented #immigrants and dismantle criminal networks in the United States[2][3].

It's important to note that legal experts suggest any attempt to use this law in the current context, without a declared war or clear military threat, would likely face significant legal challenges[3][5].

Citations:
[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
[2]
https://www.npr.org/2024/10/19/nx-s1-5156027/alien-enemies-act-1798-trump-immigration
[3]
https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/14/politics/alien-enemies-act-1798-trump-cec/index.html
[4]
https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Alien_Enemies_Act_of_1798/
[5]
https://www.thirdway.org/blog/what-is-the-alien-enemies-act-of-1798
[6]
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/10/14/alien-enemies-act-trump-operation-aurora/75675457007/
[7]
https://densho.org/catalyst/the-alien-enemies-act-paved-the-way-for-japanese-american-incarceration-lets-keep-it-in-the-past/
[8]
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/alien-and-sedition-acts
[9]
https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/alien-enemies-act-explained
[10]
https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions/alien-enemies-act

On February 1943, President #Roosevelt signed an #ExecutiveOrder that created the 442nd Regimental Combat Team.

It was a #Nisei unit, of #Japanese #American #volunteers recruited from U.S. #internment #camps.

“The principle on which this country was founded & by which it has always been governed is that Americanism is a matter of the mind & heart; Americanism is not, & never was, a matter of race or ancestry.” - Roosevelt

(Nisei were treated poorly by their country despite this. #WW2)