John Vaccaro (johniac)<p>SciTech Chronicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jan 19, 2025</p><p><a href="https://bit.ly/stc011925" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">bit.ly/stc011925</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/heart" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>heart</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/muscle" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>muscle</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/noninvasive" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>noninvasive</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/extracellular" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>extracellular</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/intracellular" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>intracellular</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Upcycling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Upcycling</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/polymer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>polymer</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ruthenium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>ruthenium</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/metathesis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>metathesis</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/CRISPR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>CRISPR</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/cognitive" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cognitive</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/neuroscience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>neuroscience</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/meta" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>meta</span></a>-analysis <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/HIT" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>HIT</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/executive" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>executive</span></a>-functioning <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Perplexity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Perplexity</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/TikTok" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>TikTok</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/merger" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>merger</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ByteDance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>ByteDance</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/no" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>no</span></a>-sale #1.69AU <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/8x" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>8x</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/simulations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>simulations</span></a> #1% <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/flyby" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>flyby</span></a></p>
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#extracellular
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Rxiv mechanobio<p>📰 "Extracellular stiffness regulates site-specific lung development"<br> <a href="http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.12.632508v1?rss=1" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">http://</span><span class="ellipsis">biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/</span><span class="invisible">2025.01.12.632508v1?rss=1</span></a> <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/Extracellular" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Extracellular</span></a> <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/Mechanical" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Mechanical</span></a></p>
Scientific Frontline<p>A research team in Japan, led by Nagoya University’s Akira Yokoi, has developed an innovative technique using <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/cellulose" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cellulose</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/nanofiber" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>nanofiber</span></a> (CNF) sheets derived from wood cellulose to capture <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/extracellular" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>extracellular</span></a> vesicles (EVs) from fluid samples and even <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/organs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>organs</span></a> during <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/surgery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>surgery</span></a>.<br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Medical" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Medical</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Cancer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Cancer</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Nanotechnology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Nanotechnology</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/sflorg" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>sflorg</span></a><br><a href="https://www.sflorg.com/2023/11/med11092301.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">sflorg.com/2023/11/med11092301</span><span class="invisible">.html</span></a></p>
Tim Viney<p>New <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/introduction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>introduction</span></a> for neuromatch.social 🙂</p><p>My group investigates and defines cell types and neural circuits of the <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/thalamus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>thalamus</span></a>, <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/hippocampus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>hippocampus</span></a>, and <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/cortex" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cortex</span></a> that contribute to spatial <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/memory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>memory</span></a> processes.<br>These processes break down in <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/Alzheimer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Alzheimer</span></a>'s disease. To understand the causes/triggers of <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/neurodegeneration" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>neurodegeneration</span></a>, we study early-stage <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/Tau" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Tau</span></a> <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/pathology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>pathology</span></a> in the human <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/brain" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>brain</span></a> and in mouse models.</p><p>I previously defined various types of retinal ganglion cells using ex vivo <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/patchclamp" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>patchclamp</span></a> recordings during my PhD in <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/Basel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Basel</span></a>, before moving to <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/Oxford" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Oxford</span></a> to work on <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/GABAergic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>GABAergic</span></a> <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/neurons" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>neurons</span></a> of the <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/hippocampus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>hippocampus</span></a>, followed by the <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/medialseptum" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>medialseptum</span></a>. My favourite technique is in vivo <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/extracellular" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>extracellular</span></a> recordings and <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/juxtacellular" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>juxtacellular</span></a> labelling as it enables identification of single <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/cells" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cells</span></a> based on their firing patterns, <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/axon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>axon</span></a> terminal distribution, and <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/neurochemical" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>neurochemical</span></a> profile.</p><p>As an <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/experimentalist" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>experimentalist</span></a>, my expertise is primarily in vivo <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/neurophysiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>neurophysiology</span></a> and <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/neuroanatomy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>neuroanatomy</span></a>. I am also interested in <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/consciousness" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>consciousness</span></a>, the origins of <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/memory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>memory</span></a>, and regulation of <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/neuronal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>neuronal</span></a> activity and <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/behaviour" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>behaviour</span></a> by <a href="https://neuromatch.social/tags/neuropeptides" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>neuropeptides</span></a>.</p>
Joseph P.<p><a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Articular" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Articular</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/cartilage" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cartilage</span></a>, which is a type of <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/tissue" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>tissue</span></a> found in <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/joints" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>joints</span></a>, allows for nearly frictionless motion and can absorb large loads. Unfortunately, when it is damaged, it cannot repair itself. <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Tissueengineering" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Tissueengineering</span></a> is a promising approach to repair the damage, but it falls short of creating functional tissue. This is because the tissue-engineered constructs do not have the same mechanical properties as native articular cartilage, which is due to the insufficient accumulation of <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/extracellular" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>extracellular</span></a> matrix components. To address this, researchers have been exploring the use of adenosine triphosphate (<a href="https://qoto.org/tags/ATP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>ATP</span></a>) to directly harness the underlying mechanotransduction pathways responsible. ATP is a molecule that is released as a result of mechanical stimulation and acts as an autocrine/paracrine signaling <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/molecule" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>molecule</span></a>. It acts on P2 receptors on the <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/plasma" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>plasma</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/membrane" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>membrane</span></a> to promote extracellular matrix <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/synthesis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>synthesis</span></a>. However, high doses of ATP can lead to an increase in matrix <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/metalloproteinase" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>metalloproteinase</span></a> 13 (MMP-13) activity and extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (ePPi) accumulation, which can lead to undesirable effects such as <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/mineralization" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>mineralization</span></a> of articular cartilage. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the mechanism of ATP-mediated <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/catabolism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>catabolism</span></a> and to determine a therapeutic dose range to maximize the <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/anabolic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>anabolic</span></a> effect.</p><p>Materials & Methods</p><p>Cell Isolation: This is the process of separating cells from a tissue sample. It is usually done using <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/enzymes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>enzymes</span></a> to break down the tissue and then filtering the cells out. </p><p>3-Dimensional Culture: This is a type of <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/cellculture" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cellculture</span></a> where the cells are grown in a three-dimensional environment, rather than in a flat layer. This allows the cells to interact with each other in a more natural way.</p><p>Exogenous ATP Supplementation: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that is important for energy production in cells. Exogenous ATP supplementation is the process of adding ATP to the cell culture from an outside source. This can help the cells to grow and function better.</p><p>MMP-13 Protein Activity is a type of protein that is found inside cells. It was extracted from 3-D cultured constructs and then frozen and pulverized. It was then homogenized in a buffer solution with a protease inhibitor. After that, it was centrifuged and stored at a low temperature. To measure the amount of active MMP-13, a FRET-based assay was used. This assay uses a fluorophore and quencher to measure the amount of MMP-13 that is present. To measure the amount of ECM synthesis, a range of exogenous ATP doses were used. To measure the effect of PPi on MMP-13 activity, chondrocyte monolayer cultures were established and PPi was added to the cultures. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, inhibitors were added to the cultures. Finally, Transmission Electron <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Microscopy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Microscopy</span></a> (TEM) was used to determine the presence of CPPD <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/crystal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>crystal</span></a> accumulation in the engineered tissue constructs. Statistical analyses were then used to analyze the collected data.</p><p>The researchers found that when they added ATP to the cultures, MMP-13 activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. This means that the more ATP they added, the more MMP-13 activity increased. They also found that the levels of PPi in the media increased significantly when they added a high dose of ATP, but the levels of PPi in the tissue did not appear to be affected. To determine the best dose of ATP to use, the researchers tested a range of doses and measured the effects on ECM synthesis (collagen and proteoglycans) and MMP-13 activity. They found that ECM synthesis and MMP-13 activity increased in response to intermediate doses of ATP, and further increased in response to higher doses of ATP.</p><p>In this study, the researchers wanted to see if they could use ATP to improve tissue growth and mechanical properties without the need for mechanical loading. They found that while high doses of ATP (250 μM) had a positive effect, it also caused a catabolic response, which is when the tissue breaks down. To find the optimal dose of ATP, the researchers tested different doses (31.25, 62.5, and 125 μM) to see which one had the best effect on tissue growth and mechanical properties without causing a catabolic response.</p><p><a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Calcium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Calcium</span></a> is an important factor in the ATP-mediated catabolism process. The researchers found that when they added 10 μM PPi to <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/chondrocyte" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>chondrocyte</span></a> cultures, there was a 32% increase in MMP-13 activity compared to unstimulated controls. This effect appeared to require calcium and could be inhibited by the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Additionally, TEM imaging was conducted on engineered cartilaginous tissues supplemented with 0, 62.5 and 250 μM ATP but no mineralization or CPPD crystals were observed which suggests that these doses of ATP did not cause any catabolic response due to crystal formation.</p><p>The text is discussing a method of improving tissue growth and mechanical properties of engineered cartilage constructs by applying mechanical loading. However, this approach has limitations when dealing with irregular geometry and high radii of curvature. An alternative approach is to use the known mechanotransduction pathways responsible to achieve the same effect without externally applied forces. In a recent study, it was demonstrated that direct stimulation of the ATP-purinergic receptor pathway through exogenous supplementation of ATP can elicit a comparable anabolic response and be used to improve both tissue growth and mechanical properties of the developed tissue. However, high doses of ATP (250 μM) resulted in a simultaneous catabolic response characterized by an increase in MMP-13 expression, potentially due to the accumulation of ePPi. The present study determined a therapeutic dose range of exogenous ATP to maximize the anabolic response and minimize the catabolic effect of exogenous ATP. It was found that the dose range of ATP between 62.5 and 125 μM was optimal for maximizing the anabolic effect and minimizing the catabolic effect of exogenous ATP. It was also found that calcium and pyrophosphate were key factors involved in the PPi-mediated catabolic response, and that CPPD crystals could potentially be endocytosed and elicit changes through a MAPK-dependent pathway.</p><p><a href="https://qoto.org/tags/explainpaper" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>explainpaper</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/med" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>med</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/MedMastodon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>MedMastodon</span></a> </p><p>The Therapeutic Potential of Exogenous Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) for Cartilage Tissue Engineering</p><p>authors : Jenna Usprech , Gavin Chu , Renata Giardini-Rosa , Kathleen Martin , and Stephen D. Waldman</p>
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