Last week, Microsoft reported that their Digital Crimes Unit (DCU) and international partners disrupted Lumma Stealer by taking down 2,300 domains critical to the malware's operation. Shortly after, Palo Alto's Unit 42 reported about cyber campaigns that previously dropped Lumma Stealer are now distributing StealC infostealer payloads. We analyzed the DNS infrastructure related to the attacks and discovered a large number of malicious registered domain generation algorithm (RDGA) domains. Based on passive DNS, the threat actor that controls the infrastructure configured the domains to a staging environment via a dedicated Panama IP address (self-signed SSL) before deploying them. We identified 144 unique domains in this IP space, and all of them were detected as "suspicious" by our algorithms 1-2 months before they were activated for malicious activity.
Disrupting criminal operations is difficult and they will find ways to resurface. However, this example proves that blocking connections at the DNS level can often protect users against the new versions before they emerge. The infostealer actors made a quick turn, but we were already blocking their path. Our specialty is in DNS analytics, so we use DNS signatures, as opposed to malware signatures, for preemptive security. We love this stuff.
Here are some examples of the RDGA domains:
2323dot2[.]cfd, 2323dot2[.]cyou, 2323dot2[.]my, 232pip1[.]my, 232pip1[.]sbs, 832pip[.]cfd, 832pip[.]cyou, 832pip[.]my, 832pip[.]sbs, b3cloud[.]cfd, b3cloud[.]cyou, b3cloud[.]my, b3cloud[.]sbs, bin48[.]cfd, bin48[.]cyou, bin48[.]my, bin898293[.]cfd, bin898293[.]cyou, bin898293[.]my, bin898293[.]sbs, bit7dl[.]cfd, bit7dl[.]cyou, bit7dl[.]my, bit7dl[.]sbs, bot113cloud[.]cfd, bot113cloud[.]cyou, bot113cloud[.]my
These campaigns share similar TTPs with those that we reported several months ago. The threat actor that we discussed in this post (https://infosec.exchange/@InfobloxThreatIntel/114027715851469775) also distributed Lumma Stealer and used RDGA domains, but incorporated additional components, such as traffic distribution systems (TDS), web trackers, and cloakers.
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Exploiting cloud infrastructure to evade detection
