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#Embryo

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Public
flypapers

📰 "Quantifying neuronal differentiation using temporal topological persistence"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20
#Drosophila #Sensory
#Embryo #Larva

bioRxiv · Quantifying neuronal differentiation using temporal topological persistenceNeuronal anatomical differentiation relies on coordinated neurite dynamics to establish class-type morphology during development. Recent advances in high-throughput time-lapse imaging techniques have transformed our ability to track such growth dynamics, yielding comprehensive anatomical datasets of neuronal morphologies at unprecedented rates. However, analyzing these complex datasets using traditional morphometrics requires manual feature selection, which leads to costly and biased quantification. To overcome these limitations, we applied the Topological Morphology Descriptor (TMD) to extract topological representations of neurons from time-lapse imaging of two cell types within the well-established Drosophila larval sensory dendritic arborization (da) system. We first used TMD to accurately classify the developmental trajectory of Class I da sensory neurons across embryonic and larval stages. However, TMD alone failed to distinguish class-type-specific morphology in Class III neurons, particularly in detecting altered branching rate dynamics in genetically modified mutants. To address this, we extended TMD to a Temporal Topological Morphology Descriptor (TTMD) to incorporate temporal dynamics. TTMD successfully classified mutations in Drosophila Class III da neurons, capturing altered branching rate dynamics in mutant phenotypes. These findings highlight the power of TTMD as an unbiased, scalable framework for analyzing neuronal growth dynamics and linking structural development to genetic and functional variation. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
WordofTheHour

#embryo : the germ of the plant, which is inclosed in the seed and which is developed by germination

- French: embryon

- German: der Embryo

- Italian: embrione

- Portuguese: embrião

- Spanish: embrión

------------

Thank you so much for being a member of our community!

Public
flypapers

📰 "Maturation of GABAergic signalling times the opening of a critical period in Drosophila melanogaster"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20
#DrosophilaMelanogaster
#Drosophila #Sensory
#Embryo #Larva

bioRxiv · Maturation of GABAergic signalling times the opening of a critical period in Drosophila melanogasterThe occurrence of critical periods during the development of neural networks is widely documented. Activity manipulation when these periods are open can lead to permanent, and often debilitating, effects to the mature neural network. Detailed understanding of the specific contribution of critical periods to network development, however, remains elusive. This is partly because identified critical periods in mammals are present in complex sensory networks (e.g., visual and auditory) that make focused experimental manipulation challenging. It is significant, therefore, that critical periods have been identified in simpler model systems. A critical period occurs during the development of the embryonic locomotor network in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Perturbation of neuronal activity during this period is sufficient to permanently destabilise the mature larval locomotor network: leaving it prone to induced seizures. Given a clear role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the timing of the mammalian critical period of ocular dominance, we sought to establish whether this neurotransmitter also regulates the opening of the Drosophila locomotor critical period. Utilising GABA agonists, antagonists, and genetics, we manipulated the embryonic GABAergic system and, at the end of larval life, measured an induced seizure phenotype in mature third-instar larvae. We found that potentiating GABAergic signalling, via embryonic exposure to diazepam or overexpression of the GABAA receptor rdl, induced precocious opening of the critical period. By contrast, exposure to the GABA antagonist gabazine, or knockdown of the GABA-synthetic enzyme Gad1, delayed opening. Thus, we show that critical period timing within the Drosophila CNS is dictated by GABAergic signalling, indicating a phylogenetically conserved role. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
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Angus Davison

In videoing early development of snail embryos I have a problem with depth of focus. Unfortunately, access to z-stack capable microscope is prohibitively expensive, and also embryo timing is very irregular. I am sure that there must be a Heath Robinson solution, such as attaching a small reversible motor to the focus dial? Has anyone tried this? Photo shows one of the microscopes I am using (rescued from a skip), still in working order after 40+ years! #Embryo #embryology #microscopy

1980s Nikon microscope on lab bench, DSLR camera attached
Public
Deborah Sampson

Hey, hey #mississippi
The "#contraception Begins at #erection Act"…

About FFing time!

"It shall be unlawful for a person to discharge #GeneticMaterial without the intent to fertilize an #embryo.”

“The act would impose a violation of $1,000 for a person's 1st offense, $5,000 for a 2nd offense & $10,000 for 3rd or subsequent offenses.”

Hit ‘em in the wallet…after their “junk & their stomach”…
Those are what they seem to care about most.
Will see!

apple.news/AWhAThnxoR4ajIhyD67

apple.newsMississippi Democrat launches "Contraception Begins at Erection Act" — NewsweekA Mississippi state senator has filed a bill called the "Contraception Begins at Erection Act."
Public
Bianor Biotech, biotecnología de la reproducción

Otro artículo sobre ambiente, estilo de vida e influencia en la fertilidad masculina a través del epigenoma. Desde la capacidad fértil del espermatozoide hasta la descendencia. https://buff.ly/3E6NhIF #bianorbiotech #epigenome #environment #lifestyle #MaleFertility #Embryo #OffspringHealth

How do lifestyle and environme...

BioMed CentralHow do lifestyle and environmental factors influence the sperm epigenome? Effects on sperm fertilising ability, embryo development, and offspring health - Clinical EpigeneticsRecent studies support the influence of paternal lifestyle and diet before conception on the health of the offspring via epigenetic inheritance through sperm DNA methylation, histone modification, and small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) expression and regulation. Smoking may induce DNA hypermethylation in genes related to anti-oxidation and insulin resistance. Paternal diet and obesity are associated with greater risks of metabolic dysfunction in offspring via epigenetic alterations in the sperm. Metabolic changes, such as high blood glucose levels and increased body weight, are commonly observed in the offspring of fathers subjected to chronic stress, in addition to an enhanced risk of depressive-like behaviour and increased sensitivity to stress in both the F0 and F1 generations. DNA methylation is correlated with alterations in sperm quality and the ability to fertilise oocytes, possibly via a differentially regulated MAKP81IP3 signalling pathway. Paternal exposure to toxic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is also linked to the transgenerational transmission of increased predisposition to disease, infertility, testicular disorders, obesity, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in females through epigenetic changes during gametogenesis. As the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is also affected by paternal diet, BMI, and alcohol consumption, its outcomes could be improved by modifying factors that are dependent on male lifestyle choices and environmental factors. This review discusses the importance of epigenetic signatures in sperm—including DNA methylation, histone retention, and sncRNA—for sperm functionality, early embryo development, and offspring health. We also discuss the mechanisms by which paternal lifestyle and environmental factors (obesity, smoking, EDCs, and stress) may impact the sperm epigenome.
Public
Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬

#Embryo editing debate is back:

Heritable polygenic editing: next frontier in #genomic #medicine?

In it Visscher suggest editing 10 bits of #DNA could reduce the prevalence of #Alzheimer’s or #schizophrenia by nearly 10-fold. Another 10 edits could diminish coronary artery #disease more than 30-fold, and 10 more edits could cut type 2 #diabetes by roughly 60-fold.
But doing so would be controversial, both at a scientific and moral level.
nature.com/articles/s41586-024 #genes #genetic #geneticediting

NatureHeritable polygenic editing: the next frontier in genomic medicine? - NatureWe discuss the potential consequences and ethical concerns of polygenic genome editing of human embryos to alter specific variants associated with polygenic diseases, highlighting the possibility of reducing disease susceptibility while exacerbating health inequalities.
Public
WordofTheHour

#embryo : the germ of the plant, which is inclosed in the seed and which is developed by germination

- French: embryon

- German: der Embryo

- Italian: embrione

- Portuguese: embrião

- Spanish: embrión

------------

Thank you so much for being a member of our community!

Public
preLights

Hypoxia regulates embryonic fitness in mosaic aneuploid embryos.

In his first preLight, Anchel De Jaime Soguero highlights work from Estefania Sanchez-Vasquez, Marianne E. Bronner & Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz. #preprint

Read his preLight + responses from the authors below ⬇️ 👀

preLight 👉 prelights.biologists.com/highl

preLightsHIF1A contributes to the survival of aneuploid and mosaic pre-implantation embryos - preLightsHypoxia regulates embryonic fitness in mosaic aneuploid embryos
#biology#development#aneuploidy
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Bruno C. Vellutini

Mitotic Waves video wins Small World in Motion

My video of mitotic waves won Nikon’s 2024 Small World in Motion video competition! I’m thrilled 🎉

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhKlUu1SdZI

To learn more about the video, check out Nikon’s press release and their article for the series Masters of Microscopy.

There’s also a blog post that I wrote a couple of years ago with some biological information and technical details about how I created the video.

If you are wondering about the size of the embryo and how fast it really develops, there’s a version with a scale bar and time label on YouTube and available for download and re-use on Wikimedia Commons.

Thanks for your support :)

—
URL: https://brunovellutini.com/posts/mitotic-small-world/

#diptera#drosophilaMelanogaster#embryo
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